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I've worked as a senior leader at Microsoft, Meta, and OpenAI, and ran my own startup. Many people consult me over email and LinkedIn. Instead of answering them privately, one person at a time, I wanted those answers to benefit everyone… so I launched this: a public archive of anonymized answers, open to everyone.

Bold Nightingale asked

answered Aug 28

Hi Philip, I've followed your career and journey through tech over the past few years. Working at Meta, its also a boon to get to read the Notes left behind by great Engineers like yourself.

What I found interesting was that you chose to move to OpenAI when it was a relatively small lab. I recall your words being-- If I'm going to leave its gotta be for something better. (Paraphrased).

These days the list of "something better" than Meta seems to be growing bigger. I've completed 5 years at Meta now and initially I thought I needed to get away so I ran towards OpenAI and Anthropic. I interviewed at both, didn't get past the final rounds at OpenAI and I've been in "team-matching" at Anthropic since April now which is kind of funny. Looking back now, I can tell that that's not the environment I was truly looking for next. I've had a child who is now a toddler and I've gone through a big change in life and gone past the tumultuous times of the first 18 months. I've matured at Meta through the companies tumultuous times too. Now, I think I'm ready for the next step. I believe I want to go to a much smaller startup and my window is from [Founding my own company --> Series B ]. It's genuinely a reflective and exploratory moment for me in my career and I don't have all the answers, yet. I'm sharing this context, because I want to understand how did you do it yourself? What brought you to change after Meta? What drove your decision for "the next step"? How did you choose the right startup?

Do you have any advice for me navigating this time where there seem to be too many right answers and it's not clear what the right one is?

Thank you.

Philip's answer

I didn't leave Facebook — Facebook left me. (Hmm. My feelings about the Democratic Party didn't quite map as well as to this situation as it sounded in my head. Never mind.)

I've often left employers much later than was ideal, primarily due to my loyalty to teammates and coworkers. When I joined Facebook, it had 500 engineers globally. It was much easier for me to shine in a relatively small company (I had left Microsoft when it had 130,000 employees). But generalists like me tend not to shine as well once a company is huge. I left the Seattle office to go to London when Seattle was 120 people; by the time I came back to Seattle 5 years later, it was over 2,000 employees. I found it much harder to play a senior role as a generalist when the company was that much bigger (without myself being in a large-scope management role).

I left Facebook without a plan... which, until that point in my career, had never before happened. Because even though I didn't have another job lined up, I knew that I didn't want to continue in my current job. My strengths were no longer as needed in the company; I also felt a little lost and less connected to the internal employee community compared to when the company was much smaller.

I spent some time as an EIR at Madrona investigating ways to bridge the rising income gap in America because I was concerned about upcoming technical unemployment and the strain that those tensions would place on our society. I ended up founding a nonprofit to build free software for global health, not because I had any expertise in that area, but because an opportunity to learn from and work with the Gates Foundation seemed priceless (and it was). So my transition out of Meta wasn't strategic. I didn't know where I wanted to go, but I knew staying wasn't right.

In your case, I'm often reminded of Roy Disney, who said, "Decisions are easy when your values are clear to you." For portions of my life, my values and priorities weren't super clear, which made decision-making hard. Although I don't know enough about your context to give a concrete suggestion, it's great that you know you want to join a relatively early-stage startup. This narrows the field significantly and can help focus your searching.

FWIW, I've found the following model to be useful when deciding between job opportunities. Imagine a triangle with three vertices: Technology, People, and Role. "Technology" includes things like "what is the product" and "backend / frontend." "People" is about who you work for and with. "Role" is whether you're an IC/manager, PM/dev, etc. You likely have a point on that triangle that represents your current interests. The key is that each job opportunity also comes with its own point on that triangle. One way to pick a job is to find one where your preferred location on the triangle matches its offering. I go deeper into this model here.

I wish you all the best in your next opportunity!

Jolly Aspen asked

answered Aug 26

Hey Philip, so I've actually worked at both Google and Meta, and I've got about 8 years of experience under my belt. I'm just trying to figure out where I want to go with my career, especially with all the exciting stuff happening with AI these days.With AI, it feels like I can do so much and I'm constantly exploring and launching new things on the side but I'm wondering what my career path should be if I want to still keep working for an employer? In the past, it used to be to work at FAANG but now there are so many startups doing so many exciting things. What are you seeing these days and what are your recommendations?

Philip's answer

What are your goals? The answer depends a ton on that.

Working for FAANG is still likely to be the highest expected value (EV) move, all things considered, when it comes to compensation and future opportunities. But, as in the early internet days, periods of rapid change open up opportunities for a thousand flowers to bloom. Now is that time.

It's never been easier to build more with less. At the same time, these advantages accrue to everyone, such that your competition will be fierce. As always, the path to outsized success is never easy. But times of rapid change favor those who aren't risk-averse and who can see farther into the future. If you're that type of person, now is a great time to take a leap.

Glad Gazelle asked

answered Aug 26

Hey Philip - would love your thoughts on attempting entrepreneurship and creation for someone that has an analytics background.

I resonate with a lot of other posts here on attempting to create something myself, but face a bit of imposter syndrome as I come from an analytics (data science, data engineering) background. Most folks I see today come from engineering, design, or product management backgrounds and have really deep skillsets in these areas. Is this a reasonable concern / have you seen any of your analytics peers be successful in this? Thank you!

Philip's answer

I have indeed seen a few analytics coworkers be successful with their startups. But you're also right that it's less frequent. It's unclear to me whether there's causality, though, in that there are far less analytics folks than PMs, engineers, and designers, so it could also be just a numbers thing.

Writers often advise each other to "write what you know." If you launch your own company, it may be smart to choose domains where your analytics background is an advantage instead of a setback. You don't want to compete head-on in games where you're disadvantaged.

And remember: tons of entrepreneurs are successful as 24-year-olds. Assuming you have more experience than that, I've got to believe you know a lot more things about building successful businesses even if any particular 24-year-old might be a software engineer or PM. Your past doesn't need to dictate your future.

Peppy Sparrow asked

answered Aug 26

Hey phillip, i have been in industry since past 6-7 years, promoted from SD1 - EM managing two teams atm working at a we’ll reputed ecommerce company in UAE . But due to the AI hype there is kinda chaos everywhere on cost cutting, etc + my in personal life new responsibilities are kinda starting like having baby in next 5-6 months .

I dont know what i should focus on next since the whole career ladder path I feel kinda not looks that promising, i want to kinda grow the skills and expertise to upskill myself + have solid buffer for my family incase of layoffs etc, incase i have to see such and reason will be me wanting to take break.

But due to limited opportunities in the middleeast atm etc how should i plan my future and future of my family which is dependent on me .

I have very strong position tough at my company due to the efforts i put till now but i consider all us in tech replaceble and with this ai hype the bar is raised a lot ?

Philip's answer

It's a time of nearly unprecedented change, in the same order of magnitude as the internet revolution except with a compressed timeline.

In times of rapid change, projecting far is a fool's errand. Instead, those who change and adapt quickly end up being most successful. So by far the most important thing is to be ready to change with circumstances, and not to get stuck for classic reasons (e.g. risk aversion, sunk cost).

Congratulations on the upcoming baby! That's especially a time when it might pay off not to change too many variables at once. Given your current job is good (despite the uncertainty), there's an argument for spending way below your means and saving up, in order to be ready to make changes (whether by choice or by outside force).

I don't know where AI is going, and I especially don't know how the Middle East will fare compared with other locales. But my advice about periods of rapid change should apply equally despite.

Patient Cheetah asked

answered Aug 21

What do you think about OE (over-employment)? I.e. remote contracting for multiple companies at the same time. I'm not talking about the Soham Parekh case, but rather about genuinely doing your best to deliver value for multiple companies by leveraging AI and context-switching efficiently.

I see arguments on both sides:

  • In favor:

    • Obviously increasing your income

    • Learning a very wide range of technologies quickly

    • Getting a broader exposure to the industry

    • Learning context-switching

    • Diversifying your job (less pressure than working in one more prestigious company in case of RIF or toxic company/team culture)

  • Against:

    • Spending less time and energy to execute on truly difficult deep-work tasks

    • Being a bit sketchy for the employer, CV, or future applications to top-tier companies if you want to pivot away from it

    • Might scale worse than climbing a corporate ladder to a very high level

    • Time and effort overhead to manage meetings

Philip's answer

The right path likely depends on each person, but here's what I think matters:

  • There's a qualitative question of whether you'd enjoy splitting your attention. This, for instance, is why I could never get into "multi-tabling" in poker. Yes, you win more money, but I find the experience far less enjoyable. It's like asking for the opposite of Flow.

  • Depending on where you are in your career growth, it might actually pay off better to focus all your attention on one job, working much more time at it, than to split across two. The closer you are to your career asymptote (i.e. top of your game), the better it might be to instead spread your services across two jobs. There's a reason why poker pros tend to play one game at a time; sometimes your yield is actually higher by focusing. Whereas if you're in a dead-end job with little growth, and doing the job is easy for you, working two such jobs will probably get you more income.

  • Nearly all major companies explicitly prohibit this in their employment contracts, which makes this decision easy.

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